2022-01-01ãã1幎éã®èšäºäžèŠ§
æ¢¶ç° å¬ç£š ããã ãšã㟠2000幎2æ17æ¥ - 2022幎9æ16æ¥ æ¥æ¬ã®ä¿³åªãã¿ã¬ã³ãã æ¬åœæ -> ä¹çŽ«ç«æ æåœæ -> äºé»åæ æ¥åœæ -> å çœéæ åŸæå®® -> é¢å®®åŸæ å¹²æ¯ èŸ°å¹Ž ïŒå°ç¹ éæçã 没 ïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹Žä»€åïŒå¹Ž 享幎ïŒïŒæ³ å£¬å¯ å¹Žè信幎 ïŒææµ®æ°æ 蟰âŠ
æ°Žæã¯ãå ¬åå¡ãäžèŠã¹ãŒããçãŠãããããªãç¡å®³ã§ããæšæã¯æµ·å€ã®äººãšããæå³ã«æããããã®ã§ããç¡äºå®¶ã«åž°ãããïŒå®¶åºã®å®€ã«ãªã«ããªãã®ã§ãåž°ã確çã¯éåžžã«å³ããç¶æ³ã
é¡ã®åœ¢ããã®èšºæçµæ ããªãã¯äŒç»åãšè¡ååã«æµãŸããç¥æ§çãªäººã§ããã¹ããŒãã£ãŒã«èãããŸãšããäŒç»åãšãããè¡åã«ç§»ãå®è¡åãããã°ã³ãæŽç·Žãããåªé ããåããã¹ã¿ãŒæ§ãããã®ã§ãåšå²ããäžç®çœ®ãããååšã«ãªããŸããé¡ã®åéšåãçºéããŠâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã å šäœçã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãããã¬ãã£ãåŸåã«ãããŸãããèªå·±äž»åŒµã匷ãããåŸåã«ãããŸããå 倩çãªèªå·±äž»åŒµã®éºäŒåã¯ããããæã蟌ãããšåªåããã°ããã»ã©ã欲æ±ã倧ãã巚倧åããŸããããã¯ãåæã®çãïŒæïŒæâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã åãã®ããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããåå·çããã ãããåºå·ããæ§è³ªããããŸããæã®åãã¯ã€ã³ãŒã«ã§ãããã 倧ããåçããªãã®ã¯ãæã客芳çã«å·éã«èŠããŠããã®ã§ããããšã座倪éœã®ã¢ã¹ãã¯ãããªãã®ã§ãä»ã®æããã®åœ±é¿åããªãã®ã§ãâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã éåžžã«åæ§çã§åŒ·ãããã¹ã³ãŒããšããå°è±¡ã§ããïŒå®€ãµãã座ã«äž»æã®å€ªéœããããããã«ã³ã³ãžã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ç«æãããã®ã§ããã¯ãã«ã§æŽ»çºãªèªå·±è¡šçŸãããŸããããããã©ãŽã³ããããããã®ã§ããšããžãŒå šéã§çããããšã¯ããã¯ã宿åœâŠ
0å ã ïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹Žå¯ 幎çµæžå¹Ž ïŒæ決å®æ äžç§ã®åæãšãèšãããç§ã®ã©çãäžã§ããæ¥å¹Žã®åç©«ææã®å幎ã«ãªããäžçªå®ãæ¥å¹Žã®ææãåŸ ã€ãïŒãã®åã«ã ãããåç©«ææãªã®ã§æ©ãã«åç©«ãããã®å€æã®ææã§ãã
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããã²ã©ãåã£ãæ§è³ªã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãŸãã¹ããªã人ã«å¥œãããŸããç¹ã«ãã座æã¯ãæåæ§ã«ãããŠç¹å¥ãªæèãåããã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãªææ§ãæã£ãŠããã®ã§åã£ãç¬éã«èŠæãæŽå¯åã«åªããŠããŸãã
ïŒå ã ïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹Žå¯ 幎 å¥åº·å¹Ž ïŒæã¯ïŒå°ç¹æïŒåç®ã®ïŒïŒåšããã女çããã女çã§ããã倧åŸçãããïŒïŒæ³ã¯éå¢çã«èŠãŠãïŒïŒç¯å£ãïŒåšããŠããããã®å§ãŸããšçµãããã¡ããã©ãä»å¹Žã®ïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹Žã«åœãã幎ã§ããããšãªã¶ãã¹å¥³çã¯ãå¯ å¹Žãªã®ã§ä»å¹ŽâŠ
什å4幎 æ²çžçéžæã«ã€ããŠéè« äœåçåè£ã¯ãç§ã®æ° çæšåè£ã¯ãæ¥ã®æ° å¢ãã¯ãçæšåè£ãåªå¢ã§ãã
ïŒå ã å¹²æ¯ã亥幎ãªã®ã§ãç®çéæã®ãããªãã©ããªããšã§ããããŸããäŸããããå±ãªãããããå®å šã ããããé¢ä¿ãªããäžåºŠæ±ºããç®æšãæ²ããã«çªãé²ã¿ãŸããã§ããããã®ããã®ç ç²ã¯ããšããŸããããããã¯ã³ãã³ãšèšããããããé¢ä¿ãªãã
0å ã äœåçããã«ãšã£ãŠä»å¹Žã¯ãå¯ å¹Žã5åç®ãšãªãã人æ°ã®å¹Žã5åç®ãšãªããŸãã人æ°ãšã¯ïŒçå€ã®çã£åªäžã§ããå幎ã¯å¥åº·ã®å¹Žã§ãããæ¥å¹Žã¯æµ®æ°ã®å¹Žã«ãªããŸãã æ¬äººã®åãåºããææã§ããããã人æ°ã®ãªãŒã©ã¯ä»ã®äººãæ¹ãã€ããŸããå ã 蟰幎ã§ããâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ã°ã©ã³ãã¯ãã¹ãããã€ããããšãããããŒãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãã®ããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãããã®äž»åœ¹ãšãªãã®ããïŒå®€ãã座ã®åæãªã®ã§ãããèã£çã座ã£ãŠãããšããããäœäºã«ãåããªããšããé磚ã®ãããªå°è±¡ããããŸããããã«éæãå¯ãæ·»ã£ãŠãâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã 倪éœãåäžïœïœã«ãããšãã倧å€ãã§ããïŒã©ãããŒãªããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãã现ããããšã¯ãã€ãã€ããããŸãããæ§ã ãªå°é£ããã£ãŠãåžæã倱ãããåªåããã°å¿ ãæåããŸãããã®ãã座倪éœã«å¯ŸããŠ180床ã®ãªããžã·ã§ã³ã«ããã¿ããã座倩âŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã 氎象æ座ã®åŒ·ãããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãã倪éœãåæãæ°Žæãæããã座ã®æšæãšããäž»æã氎象æ座ã«ãããŸããã§ãããããšãŠãããªã±ãŒãã§ç¹çŽ°ãææãæå·çãèªå·±ç ç²ãä»è åªå ãåŒã£èŸŒã¿ææ¡ãå åçããšãã£ãã©ã¡ãããšãããšãã¬ãã£ãâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ããŒãã³ã°å士ã¯ãçªç¶ã®1960幎代ãåŠçã®é ã«çèçž®æ§åŽçŽ¢ç¡¬åçïŒALSïŒãçºçãããšãããŠããŸãããããããã°ã¬ã¹ãšããææ³ã§èªã¿è§£ããšããã座倪éœïŒïŒåºŠãé²è¡ããŠãçŽïŒïŒå¹ŽåŸã«ãç«æãšã®ã¹ã¯ãšã¢ãã€ãããŸãããããŠå¥çæãšâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ãã座æšæãç¹ã«ç®ç«ã€ããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãããã座æšæãšã¯ããã座ã®ã¹ããªãã¥ã¢ã«ãªæ§è³ªãããã¯ã¢ããããç¹åŸŽããããæ¬è³ªçã«ãèªæã«æºã¡ãŠããŸããå人ã«éãããåäžä»£ã®éåæèãå ±éããã®ã§ããã§ãããããã®äžä»£ã®äººã¯ãèªå·±âŠ
æšªç° ããã¿ããã ããã¿1964幎ãæå39幎ã10æ5æ¥ -åæé®®ã«ããæèŽè¢«å®³è ãæ¿åºèªå®ã®æèŽè¢«å®³è ãäžåŠ1幎çïŒ13æ³ïŒã®ãšããéšæŽ»åãçµããŠåž°å® ãããšãããæèŽããããšãããã 1977幎ïŒæå52å¹ŽïŒ 4æ : æ°æœåžç«å¯å± äžåŠæ ¡ã«é²åŠã ãããã³ãã³éšâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ããã座ã®äººã¯ããšãŠããã¬ã€ã§è¯çŸã趣å³ã§ããã§ãããããã³ããŒèãããšããæ±ããæ±ãããšããããšã¯ã人çããé¿ããåŸåããããŸããããã¯æ¥œããããšãæ±ãä»äºãããªãæå³ã§ã¯ãªããæ¬è³ªãèªåèªèº«ãä»äººã«ã©ãèŠãããŠãããïŒâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã å šäœçã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããã§ãã®ã§å€æ¹é¢ã«ãããŠæ°ãé ããäžæ¹ã«åãããšãªãæèãšè¡ååã䌎ããŸããããããããšåæã«ã匷çãªåæ§ãšæ§è³ªãæã£ãŠããŸãã
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã æ±ã«æã䞊ãã§ãããšãããæ©æ倧æåã§ãã人çã®æåãã泚ç®ãããŠã掻èºã§ãããããã¯ã倪éœãéèŠãª1宀ã«ãããšãããæ倧éã®maxã«èŒããçºæ®ã§ããäœçœ®ã«ããããã§ããããã«ã¢ã»ã³ãã³ããšã³ã³ãžã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³åãªã®ã§ãããã«åã®âŠ
ãã³ã·ãŒã»ãããªã·ã¢ã»ããã· Nancy Patricia Pelosi æ§å§ãã¬ãµã³ããïŒD'AlesandroïŒ 1940幎3æ26æ¥ ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã®æ¿æ²»å®¶ã 第60ã»63代ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœäžé¢è°é·ã æ°äž»å æå±ã§ããµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã®5åã®4ãå«ãã«ãªãã©ã«ãã¢å·ç¬¬8åºããéžåºãããŠãâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ã©ã¡ãããšèšããšãã¬ãã£ããªããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããæ²ã¿ãã倪éœãšæã¯ã¢ã³ããŒã«ããããã§ãããããã¿ããã座ãšããåæ§çãªçãŸããªã®ã§ã倧人ããçããããšã¯ãããŸããããªããšãŒã³ããã¯ãžã§ã³ã¬ãã³ã«çã®æèœãçºèŠãããåè圹ã§âŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ãšãŠãè€éã§ã極端ã§æŽåæ§ãæŽããªãããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ããå šäœçã«é 眮ããŠããã®ã¯è¯ãã®ã§ãããäž»èŠæã«å¯ŸããŠã°ã©ã³ãã¯ãã¹ãããã€ãããããã§ããããŒãã¢ã¹ãã¯ãããããšã人çã倧ããªäºä»¶ã倧ããªèŠé£ãããã®ã§ããåæã®æ³ã§âŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã 極ããŠçãã貎éãªããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ãã倪éœã¯ãã¡ããéèŠã§ãããã¿ããã座æãå šäœã®ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã倪éœã¯èªæã®å¡ã¿ãããªãã®ã§ãèªæãšããæ¬æ¥ã®èªåãåºããŠãããããªãã®ã§ãããããæã䞻圹ãªã®ã§ãã¡ã³âŠ
äžæšè°· æµ©å² ã¿ããã« ã²ãã 1965幎3æ11æ¥ æ¥æ¬ã®å®æ¥å®¶ãæ å掻å家ã 楜倩ã°ã«ãŒãæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã®åµæ¥è ã§ããã代衚åç· åœ¹äŒé·å Œç€Ÿé·ãå µåº«çç¥æžåžåºèº«ã æ°çµæžé£ç代衚çäºãããéçã»æ±å楜倩ãŽãŒã«ãã³ã€ãŒã°ã«ã¹äŒé·å Œçå£ãªãŒããŒãJãªãŒã°ã»ãŽã£ãâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãäººæ Œè ãšèšããŸãããŠãã³ã座ã®å€ªéœã¯ããã©ã³ãµãŒãªã®ã§ãã¢ãã®è¯ãæªããç解ã§ããŸãã倪éœã«å¯ŸããŠæ°Žæãåã®ç¶æ ãªã®ã§ãåãªãæãã€ããšèšããããèšç®ããŠå¿åºŠããçµæãæå³ããŠããŸãã
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã æéãäžè©³ãªã®ã§ãããããæã®äœçœ®ãäžå®ã«ããããšããã¹ãã·ã£ãªã¹ããå°éåéã«é·ããŠãã人ã§ãããã®åéãšã¯ãããšã座倪éœã象城ããŠããããã«ãå èŠããä»äºãåããŠããŸãããã®å€ªéœã«æšæã圱é¿ããŠããã®ã§ããµã€ãã«éãéâŠ
ããã¹ã³ãŒãå ã ããã¹ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ããã©ã³ã¹ã®åãã人ã§ããè³åŠäž¡è«ãããŸãããããã¯äºå®ã§ããã©ã¹ããŒãã³ã¯ãæ°ã ã®äŒèª¬ãäœããäœãããŠãä»ã§èšãã¹ãã£ã³ãã«ã§éã°ãã人ç©ãšããèªèã§ããã¿ããã座倪éœã§ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«æªæã¯ãªãã®ã§ããäžã€âŠ
ïŒå ã ç·æ¥äºæ ã«ãªããæ¥éœãªã«ãèµ·ãã£ãŠããã®ãïŒå ã£ãŠèŠ³ãŸãããïŒïŒïŒïŒå¹ŽïŒä»€åïŒå¹ŽïŒæïŒæ¥å¥è¯çã«ãŠãå®åå éŠçžã¯çæãããŸããããã®çµæãæ å ±ã«ããã°å¿èºåæ¢ç¶æ ãšå ±éãããŠããŸããæãããŠïŒä»åŸã©ã®ãããªå±éã«ãªãã®ã§ããããïŒ